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IngredientsVitamin A (as Beta-Carotene)
Hair Fitness, Inc.
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Specifications L-CYSTEINE - Cysteine comprises up to 18% of human hair, providing strength, shine and structure. Cysteine increases hair shaft diameter and hair growth density. The sulfur in L-Cysteine is known as nature's beauty mineral and a sulfur deficiency is characterized by atrophied sebaceous glands. These glands normally utilize Essential Fatty Acids to lubricate the scalp. Cysteine maintains the structure of
proteins in the body and can also be converted into glucose and used as
a source of energy. Bowden PE, Hainey SD, Parker G, Jones DO, Zimonjic D, Popescu N, Hodgins MB. Characterization and chromosomal localization of human hair-specific keratin genes and comparative expression during the hair growth cycle. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Feb; 110(2):158-64. Bowden PE, Hainey S, Parker G, Hodgins MB. Sequence and expression of human hair keratin genes. J Dermatol Sci. 1994 Jul; 7 Suppl:S152-63. Rogers GE, Powell BC. Organization and expression of hair follicle genes. J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jul; 101(1Suppl) 50S-55S. Review. McNab AR, Wood L, Theriault N, Gierman T, Vogeli G. An ultra-high sulfur keratin gene is expressed specifically during hair growth. J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Feb; 92(2):263-6. Jones LN, Fowler KJ, Marshall RC, Ackland ML. Studies of androgen metabolism and action in cultured hair and skin cells. J Steroid Biochem. 1986 May; 24(5):1053-60. Kinscherf
R, et al. Low plasma glutamine in combination with high glutamine levels
indicate risk for loss of body cell mass in healthy individuals: the
effect of N-acetyl-cysteine. J Mol Med. 1996;
74:393-400
1996. Herzenberge
LA, et al. Glutathione deficiency is associated with impaired survivial
in HIV disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;
94:1967-1972. Arrick
BA, Nathan CF. Glutathione Metabolism as a Determinant of Therapeutic
Efficacy: A Review. Cancer Research. 1984; 44:4224-4232. Droge W, Holm E. Role of cysteine and glutathione in HIV infection and other diseases associated with muscle wasting and immunological dysfunction. FASEB J. 1997; 11:1077-1089. Fukagawa
NK, Galbraith RA. Advancing
Age and Other Factors Influencing the Balance between Amino Acid
Requirements and Toxicity. J Nutr. 2004 Jun;
134(6):1569S-74S. Huang
CN, Horng JS, Yin MC. Antioxidative and antiglycative effects of six
organosulfur compounds in low-density lipoprotein and plasma.
J
Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 2; 52(11):3674-8. SAW PALMETTO (Serenoa repens)(Berry) - This herb helps to control dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which contributes to loss of hair, body tone and urinary/prostate/sexual function. DHT forms from testosterone and its elevation at approximately 25 years of age for men begins in response to lower zinc levels, stimulating an enzyme termed 5-alpha reductase. This process in turn stimulates prolactin levels (female hormone) and body tone, especially a man's chest, begins to soften as DHT levels rise more. In response to DHT, the galea, or membrane from the forehead to the crown thickens as well, restricting circulation to the scalp and to the follicle, producing the familiar Male Pattern Baldness scenario. An ever-increasing number of clinical studies are concluding that saw palmetto berry extract inhibits growth in some human prostatic cell lines. Emili E, Lo Cigno M, Petrone U. Clinical trial of a new drug for
treating hypertrophy of the prostate (Permixon®) [in Italian]. Urologia.
1983; 50:1042-1048. Champault G, Patel JC, Bonnard AM. A double-blind trial of an
extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Br
J Clin Pharmacol. 1984; 18:461-462. Tasca A, Barulli M, Cavazzana A, et al. Treatment of obstructive
symptomatology caused by prostatic adenoma using an extract of Serenoa
repens. Double-blind clinical study vs. placebo [in Italian]. Minerva
Urol Nefrol. 1985; 37:87-91. Boccafoschi C, Annoscia S. Comparison of Serenoa repens extract
with placebo by controlled clinical trial in patients with prostatic
adenomatosis [in Italian]. Urologia. 1983; 50:1257-1268. Smith HR, Memon A, Smart CJ, et al. The value of (Permixon®)
in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Urol. 1986; 58:36-40. Descotes JL, Rambeaud JJ, Deschaseaux P, et al. Placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of
Permixon® in benign prostatic hyperplasia after exclusion of placebo
responders. Clin Drug Invest. 1995; 9:291-297. Mattei FM, Capone M, Acconcia A, et al. Serenoa repens extract in
the medical treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy [in Italian].
Urologia.
1988; 55:547-552. Plosker GL, Brogden RN. Serenoa repens (Permixon®): A review of
its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in benign prostatic
hyperplasia. Drugs Aging. 1996; 9:379-395. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy
(Permixon®) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate
hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate.
1996; 29:231-240. Bayne CW, Ross M, Donnelly F, Habib FK. The selectivity and
specificity of the actions of the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa
repens (Permixon®) on the prostate. J Urol. 2000 Sep;
164(3 Pt
1):876-81. Vacherot F, Azzouz M, Gil-Diez-De-Medina S, Colombel M, De La
Taille A, Lefrere Belda MA, Abbou CC, Raynaud JP, Chopin DK.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation by the
lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESr) (Permixon®) in benign
prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 2000 Nov 1; 45(3):259-66. Goldmann WH, Sharma AL, Currier SJ, et al. Saw palmetto berry extract inhibits cell growth and Cox-2 expression in prostatic cancer cells. Cell Biol Int. 2001; 25:1117-1124. Raynaud JP, Cousse H, Martin PM. Inhibition of type 1 and type 2 5-alpha reductase activity by free fatty acids, active ingredients of Permixon®. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Oct; 82(2-3):233-9. Di Silverio F, Gentile V, Pastore AL, Voria G, Mariotti G, Sciarra A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: what about a campaign for prevention? Urol Int. 2004; 72(3):179-88. Di Silverio F, Monti S, Sciarra A, Varasano PA, Martini C, Lanzara S, D'Eramo G, Di Nicola S, Toscano V. Effects of long-term treatment with Serenoa repens (Permixon®) on the concentrations and regional distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 1998 Oct 1; 37(2):77-83. ZINC (as Zinc
Monomethionine - OptiZinc® - standardized to 20% zinc) - Zinc, like
iron, copper and chromium, is one of 16 essential trace minerals the
body needs to keep healthy and fit. For people who are sick or out of
shape, zinc may be the most precious metal of all. Zinc is
essential for growth and development, reproduction, digestion,
respiration, and for proper brain, nerve, vision and immune function.
OptiZinc® is a unique, U.S.-patented form of methionine-bound zinc that
dramatically increases the bioavailability of zinc. Research shows that OptiZinc® is by far one of the most potent zinc
antioxidants available as a dietary supplement. Zinc is also required for the synthesis of amino acids used to form collagen protein. This is the basic structure of bone on to what which the body deposits calcium. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ. Comparative In Vitro Oxygen Radical Scavenging Ability of Zinc Methionine and Selected Zinc Salts and Antioxidants. General Pharmacology. 1997; 28:85-91. Wedekind KJ, Hortin AE, Baker DH. Methodology for Assessing Zinc Bioavailability: Efficacy Estimates for Zinc-Methionine, Zinc Sulfate, and Zinc Oxide. Journal of Animal Science. 1992; 70:178-187. Bagchi D, Stohs SJ, Bagchi M. Zinc: An Essential Micronutrient and Chemoprotectant. Nutritional Perspectives: Journal of the Council on Nutrition of the American Chiropractic Association. 1996; 19:13-19. Bagchi D, Vuchetich PJ, Bagchi M, Tran MX, Krohn RL, Ray SD, Stohs SJ. Protective Effects of Zinc Salts on TPA-Induced Hepatic and Brain Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione Depletion, DNA Damage and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation in Mice. General Pharmacology. 1998; 30:43-50. Preuss HG, Montamarry S, Echard B, Scheckenbach R, Bagchi D. Long-Term Effects of Chromium, Grape Seed Extract and Zinc on Various Metabolic Parameters of Rats. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2001; 223:95-102. Prasad AS et al. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996; 12(5):344-8. Brilla LR, Conte V. Effects of Zinc-Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Attributes of Football Players. Abstract: 10088; American College of Sports Medicine. VITAMIN A (as Beta Carotene) - Vitamin A is important for providing lubrication to the hair and scalp. Beta Carotene is a water soluble ingredient. This is the recommended format because too much fat soluble Vitamin A can create the same symptoms as too little. When nutrients are water soluble, excess amounts are thrown off while fat soluble nutrients can build up in our bodies with toxic reactions. FOLIC ACID - Prevention of gray hair is attributed to Folic Acid along with PABA, Pantothenic Acid and the mineral Copper which converts L-Tyrosine that gives color to the hair. Folic Acid is named because of its occurrence in green foliage and is also found in avocados, pumpkins, whole wheat, goat's milk and cantaloupe. Folic Acid is essential in the metabolism of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA which play a key role in protein synthesis and increases oxygen carrying red blood cells. d-BIOTIN - Also referred to as Vitamin H, Biotin promotes hair growth, protects against dryness and is involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fats. An extreme lack of Biotin is usually associated with eating raw egg whites which contain a protein, avidin. This protein binds to Biotin and prevents its absorption. A lack of Biotin results in dermatitis and hair loss. PABA (Para Amino Benzoic Acid) - It is unique in that PABA is a vitamin within a vitamin. It appears that PABA is a part of Folic Acid, which explains why a lack of PABA and Folic Acid are both associated with graying and white hair. VITAMIN B-1 (Thiamine) - Vitamins B-1, B-2 and B-3 are energy producers. Vitamin B-1 contains sulfur, the integral element of hair that gives it gloss and sheen. VITAMIN B-2 (Riboflavin) - This vitamin is essential for body cell respiration and to ensure efficient utilization of oxygen for cell production and repair. If your eyes are sensitive to light, you may be deficient in B-2, or Riboflavin, which is present in milk. Unhealthy scalp and hair loss have been traced to B-2 deficiencies. VITAMIN B-3 (Niacin) - This nutrient has a dilating effect on vessels and capillaries thereby increasing circulation to the scalp and stimulating hair growth. This occurs only if B-3 is taken as Niacin, and not as Niacinimide, which has no vasodilatory effect. PANTOTHENIC ACID (as d-Calcium
Pantothenate) (as Vitamin B-5) - This vitamin restores color brightness
to hair and works with Folic Acid, PABA, Copper and the amino acid
Tyrosine in the prevention of gray and white hair. VITAMIN B-6 (as Pyridoxine HCL) - This ingredient is responsible for balance of protein intake, especially Cysteine, and helps to transport amino acids to the proper tissues. It is also required in the conversion of one amino acid to another such as the conversion of Methionine to Cysteine. Vitamin B-6 is also a factor in the metabolism of Essential Fatty Acids for healthy skin and hair. It works with Inositol to regulate the flow of oils to the skin and scalp. Vitamins B-1, B-2 and B-6 should be taken in equal dosages for proper balance. VITAMIN B-12 (as Cyanocobalamin) - This vitamin builds rich blood and helps to regenerate the red blood cells vital for healthy hair. VITAMIN C (as Ascorbic Acid) (Rose hips) - More than twice the amount of Vitamin C is required to keep L-Cysteine in its soluble form and not to oxidize to Cystine. Rose Hips also contains Essential Fatty Acids that are excellent for hair. Vitamin C is water soluble and is not stored in our body, so we must get a fresh supply every day of our lives. VITAMIN D-3 (as Cholecalciferol) - The
"sunshine vitamin" aids in the absorption of calcium. UV
sunrays act on oils of the skin to produce Vitamin D which is then
absorbed into the body. Vitamin D is needed for assimilation of
all minerals. It is present in fish liver oils and is fortified in
milk. Vitamin D belongs to a class of substances known as sterols
which are precursors to many important hormones.
VITAMIN E (as d-Alpha Tocopheryl Succinate) - Vitamin E increases blood flow to skin surfaces. It retards cellular aging and the formulation of free radicals due to oxidation and the environment. It increases cell oxygenation and has a protective action of Essential Fatty Acids and on Vitamin A. Numerous studies indicate that Vitamin E substantially reduces the risk of prostate cancer. A Finnish longitudinal study followed 29,132 men from 1985 to 1991. The men who took Vitamin E (50 IUs per day) experienced 41 percent fewer deaths from prostate cancer than those not receiving Vitamin E. Vitamin E also reduces androgen signaling in the prostate gland without affecting androgen metabolism. Siler U, Barella L, Sitzer V, Schnorr J, Lein M, Goralczyk R, Wertz K. Lycopene and Vitamin E interfere with autocrine/paracrine loops in the Dunning prostate cancer model. FASEB J. 2004 Jun; 18(9):1019-21. Epub 2004 Apr 14. Heinonen OP,
Albanes D, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Huttunen JK, Hartman AM, Haapakoskim J,
Malila N,
Rautalahti
M, Ripatti S, Maenpaa H, Teerenhovi
L, Koss L, Virolainen M, Edwards BK. Prostate cancer and
supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: incidence and
mortality in a controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998; 90:440-446. COPPER (as Copper Amino Acid Chelate) - Copper renders the amino acid Tyrosine usable, allowing it to work as the pigmenting factor for hair and skin. Priority Male utilizes a potent testosterone stimulating combination. This combination includes copper, magnesium and OptiZinc®. These minerals not only provide the essential elements needed for optimal testosterone production but also incorporate a specific form of copper for the promotion of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH then acts on the Leydig cells to produce testosterone. OptiZinc® and magnesium supplementation has been shown to increase the natural production of testosterone in athletes. Optimal zinc and magnesium stores are required for the maximal testosterone production in healthy males. The missing element in most zinc and magnesium supplements is the incorporation of copper. More importantly, chelated copper has been shown to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) in several studies. Studies with copper bound to ATP, tartrate, and amino acids were successful in significantly increasing luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Priority Male utilizes Copper Amino Acid Chelate. The mechanism for copper’s action is thought to take place at the hypothalmic granules. Research suggests that an oxidative reaction occurs at the granule causing membrane permeability and production of LHRH. Thus zinc and magnesium promote the natural release of testosterone while at the same time copper stimulates luteinizing hormone and testosterone for an enhanced form of male supplementation.
Brilla LR, Conte V. Effects
of Zinc-Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Attributes of Football
Players. Abstract: 10088; American College of Sports Medicine. Prasad AS et al. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996; 12(5):344-8. SELENIUM (as Sodium Selenite) - This mineral works as an effective antioxidant to protect cells and keeps elasticity to the hair. Men are likely to lack sufficient selenium as it is lost in ejaculation. High fat intake and stress also deplete selenium levels. A recent study suggests that selenium supplementation may lead to dramatically reduced cancer incidence, such as prostate, colon, lung and pancreatic cancers in humans. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Dalkin BL, Reid
ME, et al. Selenium supplementation, baseline plasma serum status and
incidence of prostate cancer: an analysis of the complete treatment
period of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. BJU
International. 91; (7):608-612. Chung AS. Antioxidant and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Selenium. Abstract in: Oxidants and Antioxidants in Biology. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Oxygen Club of California 2004. IODINE (from Kelp) - A lack of this very important mineral causes dry skin and brittle, thinning hair. Kelp contains Iodine which feeds the thyroid that controls the metabolism. CHROMIUM (as Chromium Polynicotinate - ChromeMate®) - Chromium helps insulin metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy. Chromium-activated insulin increases the amount of blood sugar available for energy production nearly twenty-fold. ChromeMate® is a unique, U.S.-patented form of biologically active niacin-bound chromium called chromium nicotinate or polynicotinate that dramatically increases the effectiveness of chromium. Research has shown that ChromeMate®'s special oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium complex is the safest and most potent form of chromium available in a dietary supplement. Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Talpur N, Echard BW, Shara M, Bagchi D. Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Niacin-Bound Chromium in Ameliorating Metabolic Disorders. FASEB Journal. 2004; Volume I:A492, Abs. 351.8. Preuss HG, Montamarry S, Echard B, Scheckenbach R, Bagchi D. Long-Term Effects of Chromium, Grape Seed Extract and Zinc on Various Metabolic Parameters of Rats. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2001; 223:95-102. MAGNESIUM (as Magnesium Amino Acid Chelate) - This mineral activates enzymes necessary for the metabolism of amino acids. Magnesium protects the heart and other vital organs, which suffer during acute infections. This mineral activates enzymes necessary for metabolism of amino acids. A magnesium deficiency manifests itself as restricted blood vessel activity that affects the scalp where circulation is difficult to maintain. Magnesium Deficiency is surprisingly common in the United States as 10%- 20% of the population consume less than half the RDA and many more are marginally deficient. The incidence of magnesium deficiency also increases with age. Interestingly, many disorders associated with magnesium deficiency are also common age-related conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Thus, inadequate magnesium may exacerbate age-related diseases. Approximately 60% of the body's magnesium is found in bone. Magnesium is essential for skeletal development. It influences mineral and matrix metabolism by acting on the hormones and other factors that regulate these metabolisms. Killilea DW, Kornyushyna O, Suh JH, Ames BN. Magnesium Deficiency Induces Accelerated Senescence in Human Fibroblasts. Abstract in: Oxidants and Antioxidants in Biology. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Oxygen Club of California 2004. Brilla LR, Conte V. Effects of Zinc-Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Attributes of Football Players. Abstract: 10088; American College of Sports Medicine. L-Carnitine - A small amount of L-Carnitine is naturally produced on a daily basis within the human body and high concentrations of L-Carnitine are present in the human heart and in skeletal muscle. The major sites for L-Carnitine biosynthesis are the liver and kidney. Biosynthesis requires two essential amino acids, lysine and methionine, as well as vitamin C, iron, vitamin B6, niacin and involves a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Fat and carbohydrate are the primary
fuels used to meet the energy demands of physical exercise. In addition to supporting the cardiovascular system and
promoting a healthier weight, L-Carnitine’s fundamental role in fat
metabolism may result in multiple benefits for athletes and physically
active people: Daily supplementation with L-Carnitine prior to high intensity exercise can significantly reduce muscle soreness and decreased muscle damage in healthy people. L-Carnitine significantly improves the mean power output and results in better recovery after strenuous exercise. This is no doubt due to the enhancement of the oxygen supply to the muscle via increased blood flow. An increasing body of scientific evidence confirms the favorable effects of L-Carnitine for athletes and physically active people with regard to performance, fatigue and recovery. Due to its fundamental role in energy metabolism, L-Carnitine is typically used to support all bodily functions having a high energy demand. Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gomez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P. L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb; 282(2):E474-82. Müller
DM, Seim H, Kiess W, Löster H, and Richter T. Effects of Oral
L-Carnitine Supplementation on In Vivo Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation
in Healthy Adults. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental.
2002; 51(11). Karlic H, Lohninger A. Supplementation of L-carnitine in athletes: does it make sense? Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug; 20(7-8):709-15. Speich
M, Pineau A, Ballereau F. Minerals, trace elements and related
biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Clin
Chim Acta. 2001 Oct; 312(1-2):1-11.
Hawley
JA, Brouns F, Jeukendrup A. Strategies to enhance fat utilisation
during exercise. Sports Med. 1998 Apr; 25(4):241-57. Crayhon
R. Carnitine may benefit athletes. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998
Dec; 17(6):649-50. Gatti
R, De Palo CB, Spinella P, De Palo EF. Free carnitine and acetyl
carnitine plasma levels and their relationship with body muscular mass
in athletes. Amino Acids. 1998; 14(4):361-9. Nuesch
R, Rossetto M, Martina B. Plasma and urine carnitine
concentrations in well-trained athletes at rest and after exercise.
Influence of L-carnitine intake. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1999;
25(4):167-71. Heinonen OJ. Carnitine and physical exercise. Sports Med. 1996 Aug; 22(2):109-32. Clarkson
PM. Nutrition for improved sports performance. Current issues on
ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 1996 Jun; 21(6):393-401. L-Arginine - Arginine is a nonessential amino acid necessary for normal functioning of the pituitary gland. Males, whose seminal fluids contain up to 80% of this protein building block, especially need L-Arginine as its deficiency could lead to infertility. As men age their production of L-Arginine decreases and numerous experts believe this is responsible for many degenerative processes related to aging. Thus it plays an important role in maintaining health (including sexual health). L-Arginine, through its availability and the metabolization of nitric oxide (NO)(a gas responsible for transmitting important signals and regulating cellular functions in the body), has many beneficial effects. It dilates and engorges the blood vessels in the penis, facilitating erections in males. L-Arginine assists with maximum sexual performance by increasing the supply of nitric oxide in the body, resulting in strong erections and increased sexual functions. It also enhances these functions when taken with ginkgo biloba. L-Arginine has other health-related benefits related to regulating the blood pressure including improving blood flow, reducing plaque build-up, and lowering cholesterol. The nitric oxide produced by arginine also enhances blood flow to skeletal muscle. Greater blood flow means greater oxygen and nutrient delivery to the muscle, which indirectly means a greater production of ATP. ATP is the body's energy storage molecule and fuels numerous body functions. Hishikawa
K, Nakaki T, Tsuda M, Esumi H, Ohshima H, Suzuki H, Saruta T, Kato R.
Effect of Systemic L-Arginine Administration on Hemodynamics and Nitric
Oxide Release in Man.
Jpn
Heart J. 1992; 33:41-48 Burnett, AL. Nitric Oxide in the Penis: Physiology and Pathology. Journal of Urology. 1997; 157:90-94. Chen J, Wollman Y,
Chernichovsky T, et al. Effect of oral administration of high-dose
nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction:
results of a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU
Int. 1999; 83:269–273.
L-Ornithine -
Numerous studies have suggested that L-arginine and L-ornithine can
effect natural growth hormone (GH) release from the pituitary
gland. GH promotes healthy anabolic metabolism throughout the
body, helping to maintain youthful protein synthesis within cells.
Aging causes a decline in protein synthesis that results in many of the
degenerative diseases of aging, which may be partially corrected by
enhancing GH serum levels. The GH-enhancing effects of L-arginine/L-ornithine
can be calculated by measuring blood levels of somatomedin C (IGF-1), a
GH metabolite. L-ornithine is generally considered to be twice as
potent as L-arginine for the purpose of GH release, so L-ornithine alone
or in combination with L-arginine enables a person to take a smaller
amount and still achieve the same GH releasing effects. Adriao M, Chrisman CJ, Bielavsky M, Olinto SC, Shiraishi EM, Nunes MT. Arginine increases growth hormone gene expression in rat pituitary and GH3 cells. Neuroendocrinology. 2004 Jan; 79(1):26-33.
L-Alanine, L-Glutamic Acid and L-Glycine
-
Although muscle mass is
decreased in the elderly, muscle protein anabolism can nonetheless be
stimulated by increased amino acid availability. To that end,
muscle mass could be better maintained by increasing the intake of
protein or amino acids.
Total skeletal muscle mass also declines with aging, and this muscle
atrophy is accompanied by reduced muscle strength.
These age-related changes in muscle mass and function lead to a
reduction in performance, an increased risk for falls, and an increased
vulnerability to injury, especially bone fractures. Decreases in muscle function can lead to reduced physical
activity, which may have possible metabolic effects including decreased
bone density, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. The age-dependent reduction in muscle mass is associated with
an impairment in muscle protein metabolism, as previous studies reported
that muscle protein synthesis is slower in healthy elderly subjects than
in young people. This
suggests that the cause for the reduced muscle protein synthesis
observed in the elderly is more likely to be attributed to alterations
in posttranscriptional events and the most important factor in the
translation of mRNA is likely to be the availability of amino
acids. Aside
from its role in protein synthesis, alanine is second only to glutamine
in prominence as a circulating amino acid.
In this capacity it serves a unique role in the transfer of
nitrogen from peripheral tissue to the liver. Damrau F. Benign prostatic hypertrophy: amino acid therapy for symptomatic relief. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1962; 10: 426-30. Feinblatt HM, Gant JC. Palliative treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy: value of glycine-alanine-glutamic acid combination. J Maine Med Assoc. 1958; 46:99-102. File SE, Fluck E, Fernandes C. Beneficial effects of glycine (Bioglycin) on memory and attention in young and middle-aged adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999; 19:506–12. Volpi E, Ferrando A, Yeckel C, Tipton K, Wolfe R. Exogenous Amino Acids Stimulate Net Muscle Protein Synthesis in the Elderly. J Clin Invest. 1998; 101(9):2000-2007. Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Lupton JR, Turner ND. Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr. 2004 Mar; 134(3):489-92. AVENA SATIVA - Traditionally Avena Sativa has
been used as a nerve tonic to help recover from exhaustion and
depression. It is also known for having a calming effect upon the
central nervous system. This effect may help to eliminate or
reduce agitation or anxiety. Of greater importance is the effect of Avena Sativa on male hormonal levels. The key to regenerating testosterone production is to stimulate LH. LH is responsible for the natural production of testosterone from the testes. Unbound or free testosterone is the portion of testosterone that exerts the anabolic and androgenic effects. The anabolic effect of testosterone deals with promotion of protein synthesis (an increasingly important requirement as a man ages), nitrogen retention and blocking of cortisol at the receptor level. Bound testosterone is comprised of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. This constitutes the majority of circulating testosterone in the body. The promotion of LH and total testosterone coupled with the promotion of free or active testosterone should result in dramatic effects. Whenever the body produces endogenous testosterone a portion of that testosterone is unbound and bound. Avena Sativa promotes the amount of unbound testosterone resulting in an enhanced form of anabolic hormone. Fukushima M et al. Extraction and purification of a substance with luteinizing hormone releasing activity from the leaves of Avena Sativa. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1996; 119(2):115-122. BEE POLLEN - Bee pollen is rich in all of the essential B vitamins, along with vitamins A, C, D, E and K, more than 12 important minerals, 18 amino acids, and other important constituents, including collagen and lecithin. Lecithin is associated with the dissolution of body fats and is an effective component of bee pollen that can help with weight loss and weight control. Bee pollen also contains a gonadotrophic hormone similar to the pituitary hormone, gonadotrophin, which functions as a sex gland stimulant. Shoskes DA, Manickam K. Herbal and complementary medicine in chronic prostatitis. World J Urol. 2003 Jun; 21(2):109-13. Shoskes DA. Phytotherapy in chronic prostatitis. Urology. 2002 Dec; 60(6 Suppl):35-7; discussion 37. Review. Shoskes DA. Phytotherapy and other alternative forms of care for the patient with prostatitis. Curr Urol Rep. 2002 Aug; 3(4):330-4. BETA-SITOSTEROL - Beta-sitosterol, a
compound found in many edible plants, has also been found to be helpful
for men with BPH. Beta-sitosterol is a
phytosterol or plant sterol. It is one of the main active
ingredients found in Saw Palmetto berries. Saw Palmetto is an herb that helps regulate DHT conversion.
DHT is produced from testosterone and is responsible for the negative
androgenic properties of testosterone. Testosterone is converted by the
enzyme 5-alpha reductase
into DHT. Beta-sitosterol has the ability inhibit this
enzyme thus regulating DHT conversion. In one double-blind
trial, 200 men with BPH received 20 mg. of Beta-sitosterol three times a
day or a placebo for six months. Men receiving beta-sitosterol
had a significant improvement in urinary flow and an improvement in
symptoms, whereas no change was reported in men receiving the placebo.
Another double-blind study reported similarly positive results using 130
mg. per day of Beta-sitosterol. Berges RR, Windeler J, Trampisch HJ, et al. Randomised,
placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol in
patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lancet. 1995;
345:1529-32. Klippel KF, Hiltl DM, Schipp B. A multicentric,
placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of ß-sitosterol (phytosterol)
for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Urol.
1997; 80:427-32. ENZYMATIC HYDROLYZED CASEIN AS A MILK derivative
- About 85% of the protein content of
milk consists of casein, a mixture of phosphoproteins in a spherical
complex known as a micelle.
Hydrolyzed casein is processed and extracted from casein protein, which
is then specially prepared into an enzymatic hydrolysate. This
process provides the user with a rich source of short chain peptides and
amino acids. The best times for ingestion of fast-acting proteins include the first meal upon arising and prior to and just after heavy bouts of resistance exercise. These proteins can also be ingested with meals in order to increase overall protein utilization and include other nutrient profiles. Anabolic steroids have both primary anabolic action and equally, anti-catabolic action. Anti-catabolic proteins include nitrogen sources that have a long duration of metabolic activity. Among the best proteins for longer metabolic action are milk isolates and certain bioactive peptides of casein, such as casomorphins. Research shows that these proteins create a slower but more constant nitrogen restoration than whey, instead of 120 minutes, perhaps up to 400 minutes. Overall, a substantial amount of new research suggests that slow proteins contribute the majority to the processes of muscle building in humans. Though casein and caseinate proteins are known for their slow rate of digestion, hydrolyzed casein is still assimilated by the body very quickly. Since it is a hydrostat the proteins are partially digested. Up to 80% of the proteins bypass the stomach and are absorbed directly through the small intestine. Studies have shown that hydrolyzed casein may be the best protein for building muscle and preventing catabolism (muscle breakdown). Flax
Meal (providing
Unsaturated Fatty Acids)
-
Flax is the richest plant source of lignan precursors, a
type of phytoestrogen that Flax meal is an outstanding source of many other essential nutrients, including: folate, vitamin B-6, pantothenic acid, magnesium, potassium, iron, thiamine, copper, zinc, calcium and phosphorus. Flax meal also appears to be an anti-inflammatory and may be effective to treat inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Flax meal is also rich in protein, containing all 8 essential amino acids. Flax seed favorably influences immune response. Its component, alpha-linolenic acid, alters membrane phospholipids, inhibits arachidonic acid biosynthesis from linoleic acid, inhibits the production of proinflammatory eicosanaoids from arachidonic acid, and suppresses lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Connor
WE. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am
J Clin Nutr. Clandinin
MT. Brain development and assessing the supply of polyunsaturated
fatty Edwards
R, Peet M, Shay J, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
levels in the Cunnane SC, Ganguli S, Menard C,
et al. High
a-linolenic
acid flaxseed (Linum Thompson
LU. Experimental studies on lignans and cancer. Baillieres
Clin Fo-Ti (Ho
shou wu) - Bone
K. Clinical Applications of Ayurvedic and Chinese Herbs.
Warwick, Australia: Phytotherapy Press, 1996, pp. 49-51. Xiao
PG, Xing ST, Wang LW. Immunological aspects of Chinese medicinal
plants as antiaging drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1993; 38:167-175. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)
- Ginger offers several valuable health benefits, but one is of
particular importance to males. Ginger contains twenty-two known
constituents that inhibit the inflammatory activity
of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Natural 5-LO inhibitors prevent the
activity whereby arachidonic acid is mobilized by 5-LO into
5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Without 5-HETE, prostate
cancer cells cannot survive. Ginger is also included in
the formulation as
studies suggest ginger may increase absorption
and utilization of other nutrients and herbs by as much as 2 to 2.5
times. Myers CE, Ghosh J. Lipoxygenase inhibition in prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1999: 35(5-6):395-8. Ghosh J, Myers CE. Inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase triggers massive apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998; 95( 22):13182-13187. Qureshi S, Shah AH, Tariq M,
Ageel AM. Studies on herbal aphrodisiacs used in Arab system of
medicine. Am J Chin Med. 1989; 17(1-2):57-63 McKay D. Nutrients and botanicals for erectile dysfunction: examining the evidence. Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar; 9(1):4-16. Sikora R, Sohn M, Deutz FJ, et al.
Ginkgo biloba extract in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. J
Urol. 1989; 142:188A. Cohen AJ, Bartlik B. Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther. 1998; 24:139–143. McCann
B. Botanical could improve sex lives of patients on SSRIs. Drug
Topics. 1997; 141:33. Cohen AJ.
Treatment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction with Ginkgo
biloba extract [abstract #716]. Presented at: Annual Meeting of
the American Psychiatric Association, 1996. Cohen AJ, Bartlik B. Treatment of sexual dysfunction with Ginkgo biloba extract (scientific reports). Paper session from the proceedings of the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, 1997.
HORNY GOAT WEED
(Epimedium
Sagittatum)(Whole
Herb) - Clinical
studies demonstrate that Horny
Goat Weed
increases
sexual activity in both animals and humans, improves sperm production
and exerts a moderate androgen-like influence on the testes, prostate
gland, and anal muscles, thus influencing sexual desire and activity. It
achieves this by
increasing levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and
dopamine when they are low (an energy-promoting effect), and by reducing
cortisol levels when they are elevated (an anti-stress effect).
Epimedium stimulates a variety of sensory nerves throughout the
body and, particularly, in the genital region.
It also possesses powerful immune stimulating properties.
Epimedium
operates by lowering blood pressure, doing so by dilating capillaries
and blood vessels as it slows adrenal production (adrenal activity can hinder blood flow to the sex
organs).
Men achieve better erections due to this effect and it is thought
that women benefit from the increased blood flow as well, and perhaps
from other testosterone-like alkaloids and sterols within the plant.
There is also evidence that Epimedium can restore low levels of
both testosterone and thyroid hormone (bringing low levels back to
near-normal levels). This may well account for some of the
benefits of Epimedium in improving libido.
Animal studies using Epimedium have shown a reduction in bone
breakdown, an increase in muscle mass and a loss of body fat, each of
which may be linked to the observed return of abnormal cortisol levels
back to normal values.
This is important when considering the etiology of sarcopenia on
men as they age. Liao HJ, Chen XM, Li WG. Effect of Epimedium sagittatum on quality of life and cellular immunity in patients of hemodialysis maintenance. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1995; 15(4):202-4. Kuang AK, Chen JL, Chen MD. Effects of yang-restoring herb medicines on the levels of plasma corticosterone, testosterone and triiodothyronine. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1989 Dec; 9(12):737-8, 710. HORSETAIL - (Providing Silica) (aerial part) - Silica is derived from the Springtime Horsetail Herb (Equisetum Arvense) and improves strength, elasticity and circulation to hair. Silica translates to collagen by the body and is found in hair, muscles and nails. It keeps the body firm and filled with vitality. Out of all known herbs, Horsetail contains the highest amount of silica. Since ancient times, Horsetail has also been used to heal wounds, treat urinary infections and strengthen bones. Horsetail alleviates painful urination and reduces inflammation of the prostate gland. Lecithin
- Lycopene -
Lycopene
is an antioxidant that may lower the risk of prostate cancer especially
when combined with Vitamin E. A study at Harvard Medical School
showed a measurable relationship between lycopene and the reduction of
prostate cancer, while another recent clinical study suggested that
lycopene and vitamin E may act synergistically in the Siler U, Barella L, Sitzer V, Schnorr J, Lein M, Goralczyk R, Wertz K. Lycopene and Vitamin E interfere with autocrine/paracrine loops in the Dunning prostate cancer model. FASEB J. 2004 Jun; 18(9): 1019-21. Epub 2004 Apr 14. Obermuller-Jevic U, Olano-Martin E, Van
Weerden W, Clinton SK, Emenhiser C, Schwartz SJ, Bostwick DG, Williams AW, Moore BJ, Erdman JW Jr. Cis-trans lycopene isomers, carotenoids, and retinol in the human prostate. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996; 5(10): 823-833. Sies H, Stahl W. Lycopene: antioxidant and biological
effects and its bioavailability in the human. Proc Soc Exp Biol
Med. 1998; 218:121–124. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, et al. Intake of
carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J
Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87:1767–1776. Giovannucci E, Clinton SK. Tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate
cancer. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1998; 218:129–139. Gann PH, Ma J, Giovannuci E, et al. Lower prostate risk in
men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective
study. Cancer Res. 1999; 59:1225–1230. Key TJ, Silcocks PB, Davey GK, et al. A case-control study
of diet and prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;
76:678–687. Melatonin - DHT extenuates the inhibitory effects of melatonin on epithelial cells. Partial endocrine deficiencies of aging are associated with a decrease in the peripheral levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate (DHEA-S), growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and melatonin. There is also a concomitant increase in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. The concentration of free biologically active testosterone is lowered further by an increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). These hormonal changes in aging males are associated with changes in the body mass index, osteoporosis, sleep and mood disorders. Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, was recently found to be a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. It may prove to be an effective and important molecule in the antioxidative defense system, especially in the central nervous system. Gilad E,
Matzkin H, ZisapelN. Interplay between sex steroids and melatonin
in regulation of human benign prostate epithelial cell growth. Journal
of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997; 82:2535-2541. Drago F, Busa L. Acute low doses of melatonin restore full sexual activity in impotent male rats. Brain Res. 2000; 878:98–104. Karbownik M, Lewinski A, Reiter RJ. Anticarcinogenic actions of melatonin which involve antioxidative processes: comparison with other antioxidants. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2001 Aug; 33(8):735-53. Reiter RJ. The role of the neurohormone melatonin as a buffer against macromolecular oxidative damage. Neurochem Int. 1995 Dec; 27(6):453-60. Hermann
M, Untergasser G, Rumpold H, Berger P.
Aging of the male
reproductive system. Exp Gerontol. 2000 Dec;
35(9-10):1267-79. Laudon
M, Gilad E, Matzkin H, Braf Z, Zisapel N. Putative
melatonin receptors in benign human prostate tissue. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Apr; 81(4):1336-42. MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) - MSM plays many different, but equally essential roles in the human body. MSM provides nutritional sulfur, which is a required structural mineral for healthy hair, skin, and nails. Sulfur is also necessary to help maintain the flexibility and elasticity of most all bodily tissues and is needed to maintain cell membrane permeability. Proper permeability allows cells to absorb nutrients and expel waste. MSM supports sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine, necessary for the healing and repair of most bodily tissues - especially skin, blood vessels, organs, and joints. Ebisuzaki K. Aspirin and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM): a search for common mechanisms, with implications for cancer prevention. Anticancer Res. 2003 Jan-Feb; 23(1A):453-8. Parcell S. Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Feb; 7(1):22-44. Muira Puama (Root) - Miura puama is grown in the northern regions of Brazil and is an herb traditionally used as an aphrodisiac by both men and women. The benefits of treating impotence with muira puama have been studied in two human trials in France, which reported that muira puama was effective in improving libido and treating erectile dysfunction. In one study among 262 male patients who experienced lack of sexual desire and the inability to attain or maintain an erection, 62% of the patients with loss of libido reported that the extract of muira puama had a dynamic effect, and 51% of patients with erectile dysfunction felt that muira puama was beneficial. The second study evaluated positive psychological benefits of muira puama in 100 men with male sexual asthenia. In their final report, researchers indicated muira puama enhanced libido in 85% of the test group, increased the frequency of intercourse in 100% and improved the ability to maintain an erection in 90% of the group. In other recent clinical research, muira puama extracts have been reported to have in vivo adaptogenic, antifatigue, antistress, and CNS effects in humans and animals. A specially-prepared extract from the root of muira puama has been patented for its ability to relieve physical and mental fatigue and for ameliorating a weakened constitution. Researchers in Brazil documented a definite CNS effect of the bark in studies with mice. The bark of muira puama also has demonstrated a mild, short-lived, hypotensive effect. The root was found to inhibit stress-induced ulcers, while the leaf demonstrated an analgesic effect. Another U.S. patent has been filed on muira puama, stating that it can reduce body fat percentage, increase lean muscle mass and lower cholesterol in humans and animals with long-term use (and with no toxicity noted). Muira puama may well provide one of the more effective natural therapeutic approaches for erectile function and libido enhancement. Before trying to self-treat, however, men should always seek the advice of a health practitioner (if erectile dysfunction or impotency is a problem); this often can be an early warning of vascular insufficiency and/or heart conditions. Waynberg
J, Brewer S. Effects of Herbal vX on libido and sexual activity in
premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Adv Ther. 2000;
17(5):255-62. Waynberg
J. Contributions to the clinical validation of the traditional use of Ptychopetalum
guyanna. Presented at the First International Congress on
Ethnopharmacology, Strasbourg, France, June 5–9, 1990. Waynberg
J. Male sexual asthenia—interest in a traditional plant-derived
medication. Ethnopharmacology. 1995. Werbach M, Murray M. Botanical Influences on Illness; Third Line Press; 1994. Panax Ginseng (Root Extract) - Two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, involving a total of about 135 people, have found evidence that Korean red ginseng may improve erectile function. Choi HK, et al. Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for
erectile dysfunction. Int. J Impotence Res. 1995;
7:181-186. Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, et al. A Double-Blind Crossover
Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in Patients With
Erectile Dysfunction: A Preliminary Report. J Urol. 2002;
168:2070-2073. Drewes SE, George J, Kahn F. Recent findings on natural
products with erectile dysfunction activity. Phytochemistry.
2003;62:1019-1025. Seftel AD. Erectile dysfunction in the elderly:
epidemiology, etiology and approaches to treatment. J Urol.
2003; 169:1999-2007. PUMPKIN
SEED OIL (Cururbita Pepo) (Powder)
- Pumpkin Seed is a clinically recognized treatment for irritated
bladder conditions and urination problems associated with benign
prostatic hyperplasia stages 1 and 2. Pumpkin seed is a
source of B-vitamins, essential fatty acids, protein and zinc.
A clinical study conducted in Germany in 1997 demonstrated that pumpkin
seeds are beneficial for the treatment of mild to moderate BPH and their
use seems well justified. Blumenthal M., Busse W.R., Goldberg A. et al. The
Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapueutic Guide to Herbal
Medicine. 1998; Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications:193. PYGEUM AFRICANUM (Bark) - Pygeum Africanum is primarily used today for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate enlargement. This use is supported by scientific evidence about as strong as that for the more famous natural BPH remedy, Saw Palmetto. Besides BPH, pygeum is also sometimes proposed for prostatitis, as well as impotence and male infertility. However, there is little clinically confirmed evidence that it works for these conditions.
Over
17 double-blind trials of pygeum for BPH have been performed, involving
a total of almost 1000 individuals and ranging in length from 45 to 90
days. Although many of these studies were poorly reported and/or
designed, the overall results make a meaningful case that pygeum can
reduce symptoms such as nighttime urination, urinary frequency, and
residual urine volume. The best of these studies was conducted at
8 sites in Europe and included 263 men between 50 and 85 years of age.
Participants received 50 mg. of a pygeum extract or the placebo twice
daily. The results showed significant improvements in residual
urine volume, voided volume, urinary flow rate, nighttime urination and
daytime frequency. Menchini-Fabris GF, Giorgi P, Andreini F, et al. New
perspectives on the use of Pygeum Africanum in prostate-bladder
pathology [in Italian]. Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl. 1988;
60:313–322. Carani C, Salvioli V, Scuteri A, et al. Urological and sexual
evaluation of treatment of benign prostatic disease using Pygeum
africanum at high doses [in Italian]. Arch Ital Urol Nefrol
Androl. 1991; 63:341–345. Bongi G. Tadenan® in the treatment of prostatic adenoma.
Anatomo-clinical study [in Italian]. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 1972;
24:129–139. Bassi P, Artibani W, De Luca V, et al. Standardized extract
of Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic
hypertrophy. Controlled clinical study versus placebo [in Italian].
Minerva Urol Nefrol. 1987; 39:45–50. Barlet A, Albrecht J, Aubert A, et al. Efficacy of Pygeum
africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due
to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective
parameters. A placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study
[translated from German]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1990;
102:667–673. Rhodes L, Primka RL, Berman C, et al. Comparison of
finasteride (Proscar®), a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, and various
commercial plant extracts in vitro and in vivo 5-alpha reductase
inhibition. Prostate. 1993; 22:43–51. Andro MC, Riffaud JP. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res. 1995; 56:796–817. Chatelain C, Autet W, Brackman F. Comparison of once and
twice daily dosage forms of Pygeum africanum extract in patients
with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind study,
with long-term open label extension. Urology. 1999;
54:473–478. Hartmann RW, Mark M, Soldati F. Inhibition of 5-alpha reductase
and aromatase by PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®), a combination of PY 102 (Pygeum
africanum) and UR 102 (Urtica dioica) extracts. Phytomedicine.
1996; 3:121–128. Krzeski T, Kazon M, Borkowski A, et al. Combined extracts
of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of
benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses.
Clin Ther. 1993; 15:1011–1020. Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. Prunus africana (Hook.
f.) Kalkm. Fitoterapia. 1997; 68:205–218. Wilt T, Ishani A, MacDonald R, et al. Pygeum africanum
for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;
(1):CD001044. STINGING
NETTLE (Urtica Dioica) (Root) - The use of nettle root for treating
benign prostate hyperplasia has not been as well studied as saw
palmetto, but the evidence is at least moderately convincing.
Nettle root contains numerous biologically active chemicals that may
influence the prostate indirectly by interacting with sex hormones, or
directly by altering the properties of prostate cells. Nettle root may in addition help to make more testosterone
available by another mechanism. Free
testosterone is immediately available to function in an anabolic
capacity. However, a substance called sex-binding hormone globulin
(SBHG) acts as sort of a reservoir for testosterone.
Once the SBHG frees up the testosterone it is holding, then that
testosterone can perform its anabolic functions. Furthermore, high levels of SBHG are associated with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Research
has shown that Urtica Dioica root extract is effectively able to inhibit
SBHG, which explains why this herb has been used successfully in the
treatment of BHP.
Nettle
root has constituents which fool the SHBG, causing it to bind with the
nettle instead of the testosterone. In addition, it may free up
the SBHG-bound testosterone for other valuable purposes as well. A
double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 men followed for 9 weeks
found a significant increase in urination volume and urine flow rate in
the nettle group as compared to the placebo group.
In another double-blind, placebo-controlled study, treatment of
67 men with nettle produced a 14% improvement in urine flow and a 53%
decrease in residual urine. Lastly, a double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of 40 men found a significant decrease in
frequency of urination after 6 months. Hryb DJ, Khan MS, Romas NA, et al. The effect of extracts
of the roots of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the
interaction of SHBG with its receptor on human prostatic membranes. Planta
Med. 1995; 61:31–32. Wagner H, Willer F, Samtleben R, et al. Search for the
antiprostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots.
Phytomedicine. 1994; 1:213–224. Konrad L, Muller HH, Lenz C, et al. Antiproliferative
effect on human prostate cancer cells by a stinging nettle root (Urtica
dioica) extract. Planta Med. 2000; 66:44–47. Vontobel HP, Herzog R, Rutishauser G, et al. Results of a
double-blind study on the effectiveness of ERU (extractum radicis
Urticae) capsules in conservative treatment of benign prostatic
hyperplasia [translated from German]. Urologe A. 1985;
24:49–51. Dathe G, Schmid H. Phytotherapy of benign prostate
hyperplasia (BPH); double-blind study with stinging nettle root extract
(extractum radicis Urticae - ERU) [translated from German].
Urologe B. 1987; 27:223–226. Schottner M, Gansser D, Spiteller G. Lignans from the roots
of Urtica dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone
binding globulin (SHBG). Planta Med. 1997; 63:529–532. Hirano T, Homma M, Oka K. Effects of stinging nettle root extracts and their steroidal components on the Na+, K(+)- ATPase of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Planta Med. 1994; 60:30–33. Lichius JJ, Lenz C, Lindemann P, et al. Antiproliferative
effect of a polysaccharide fraction of a 20% methanolic extract of
stinging nettle roots upon epithelial cells of the human prostate (LNCaP).
Pharmazie. 1999; 54:768–771 Lichius JJ, Muth C. The inhibiting effects of Urtica dioica root extracts on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse. Planta Med. 1997; 63:307-310. Return to Priority Male Product page
OptiZinc®
and ChromeMate® are registered trademarks of InterHealth NI
Permixon®
is a registered trademark of PIERRE FABRE MEDICAMENT Proscar® is a registered trademark of MERCK & CO Inc.
Tadenan®
is a registered trademark of Laboratoires Debat
Prostatonin®
is a registered trademark of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.
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